my country's industrial water consumption is huge, reaching a scale of 123.7 billion cubic meters in 2019, accounting for 21% of the country's water consumption, and production is mainly concentrated in large cities along the rivers, with a relatively large population density. If wastewater treatment fails to meet the standards , It is more likely to cause serious pollution of the river water quality in the lower reaches of the city, leading to the deterioration of the water environment.

1. The total amount of water resources in my country is large, but some regions and per capita levels are low

For a long time, my country's total water resources have remained high, accounting for 6% of the world's water resources, second only to Brazil, Russia, Canada, the United States and Indonesia, ranking sixth in the world. In 2016, my country's total water resources reached the highest value of 3.25 trillion cubic meters, and it has continued to decline in the following years. In 2020, it will rebound to 310 million cubic meters, a year-on-year increase of 7%.

Regarding the regional distribution of water resources, my country's water resources are mainly distributed in the southern region. The northern water resources only account for about 20% of the total water resources, but the population of northern my country accounts for nearly half of the national population, and the total economic volume accounts for about the whole country. 40% of the total economy. The distribution of water resources in my country does not match the distribution of population and regional economy, and there is a serious shortage of water resources in the vast north and some coastal areas.

my country is rich in total water resources, but per capita water resources are only 1/4 of the world average. As of 2020, my country's per capita water resources are 2,994 cubic meters/person, slightly higher than the moderate water shortage line (2,000 cubic meters/person).

From the distribution of provinces (cities, districts), the per capita water resources of 11 provinces (cities, districts) are below the severe water shortage line, 2 are in the severe water shortage zone, and 7 are in the moderate water shortage. In the interval, 2 are located in the mild water shortage interval. It can be seen that the shortage of water resources in my country is relatively severe, and most of the economically developed provinces are water-scarce regions, presenting a situation of uneven regional distribution.

2. Water resources are seriously polluted, and there is still room for improvement in overall water quality

my country's water pollution is mainly caused by the discharge of waste water and surface water pollution, which in turn affects the quality of water resources. my country's waste water discharge mainly comes from agricultural irrigation drainage, domestic and industrial wastewater.

my country is a large agricultural country. In 2019, the total agricultural water consumption in the country was 367.5 billion cubic meters, accounting for 61.2% of the total water consumption. After farmland irrigation water flows through the farmland, it carries chemical fertilizers and pesticides to infiltrate, replenishing groundwater, and easily lead to groundwater pollution.

my country's industrial water consumption is also very huge, reaching a scale of 123.7 billion cubic meters in 2019, accounting for 21% of the country's water consumption, and production is mainly concentrated in large cities along the rivers, and the population density is relatively large. Reaching the standard is more likely to cause serious pollution of river water quality in the lower reaches of the city, leading to deterioration of the water environment.

According to the standard limits of 21 indicators in the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards" (GB3838-2002) except for water temperature, total nitrogen, and fecal coliforms, the water quality categories of each indicator are evaluated separately, and the water quality is taken according to the single factor method. The highest category is regarded as the section water quality category. my country's current water quality is divided into 6 grades, among which grades Ⅰ to Ⅲ belong to excellent water quality.

According to the data of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment: In 2020, among the 1940 national surface water assessment sections, 83.4% of the sections with good water quality (Class I to III) were 83.4%, an increase of 8.5 percentage points from the same period last year; the proportion of sections inferior to Class V was 0.6% , A year-on-year decrease of 2.8 percentage points. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and permanganate index.

In 2020, among the 902 monitoring sections (points) of centralized drinking water sources in use in cities at the prefecture level and above, 852 have reached the standard throughout the year, accounting for 94.5%. Among them, there are 598 surface water source monitoring sections (points), 584 of which are up to the standard throughout the year, accounting for 97.7%; of the 14 sections that exceed the standard, 10 have exceeded the standard in some months, and 4 have exceeded the standard throughout the year. The main indicators of exceeding the standard are Sulfate, Permanganate Index and Total Phosphorus; 304 groundwater source monitoring points, of which 268 were up to the standard throughout the year, accounting for 88.2%; of the 36 points that exceeded the standard, 5 were exceeded in some months and 31 were for the whole year All exceed the standard, and the main indicators of exceeding the standard are manganese, iron and ammonia nitrogen.

3. The national urban sewage discharge and treatment capacity increase steadily

(1) Urban sewage discharge and growth situation

According to statistics released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development: In the past ten years, the annual discharge of urban sewage in China has increased year by year. In 2010, it was only 37.87 billion cubic meters. In 2018, it exceeded 50 billion cubic meters. In 2019, it increased to 55.465 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year increase of 6.4%.

At present, the government has not yet announced the annual discharge of sewage in 2020. It is expected that the annual discharge of urban sewage in my country will increase to 60 billion cubic meters in 2020.

(2) Wastewater discharge and growth in counties

In the past ten years, the annual sewage discharge of counties in China has been increasing year by year. It was only 7.2 billion cubic meters in 2010, and exceeded 10 billion cubic meters for the first time in 2019, reaching 10.2 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year increase of 2.9%. The county's annual sewage discharge accounts for about 1/5 of the city's sewage discharge.

(3) Urban sewage treatment volume and treatment rate

With the increase in the number of sewage treatment plants and the improvement of sewage treatment technology, the annual urban sewage treatment volume in my country continues to rise, and the sewage treatment rate continues to increase. In 2010, the annual treatment volume of urban sewage in my country was 31.2 billion cubic meters, and in 2014 it exceeded 40 billion cubic meters. In 2019, the annual sewage treatment volume exceeded 50 billion cubic meters, reaching 52.6 billion cubic meters, and the sewage treatment rate increased to 96.8%.

(4) The "14th Five-Year Plan" clarifies development goals and policy priorities

With the continuous development of my country's economy, ecological problems have become increasingly prominent, and the government has paid more and more attention to environmental protection issues. In recent years, the state has issued a number of sewage treatment-related policies involving water pollution prevention and control, sewage treatment market-oriented mechanisms, and other aspects to promote my country's sewage treatment market continues to develop in a standardized manner.

By 2020, the national urban and county sewage treatment capacity will reach 230 million cubic meters per day, the sewage pipe network length will reach 600,000 kilometers, the annual chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction will be about 15 million tons, and the annual ammonia nitrogen reduction will be About 1.6 million tons.

From 2012 to 2020, the proportion of water quality sections of national rivers I-III will increase from 68.9% to 87.4%, and the proportion of sections with poor grade V water quality will drop from 10.2% to 0.2%.

At the same time, there are still some cities and more than 400 counties across the country whose sewage treatment capacity cannot meet the demand, and about 40% of the established towns do not have the domestic sewage treatment capacity. The construction of the sewage pipe network is seriously lagging behind, the pipe network is old and damaged and mixed and missed seriously, the overflow pollution problem in the rainy season is prominent, and the centralized collection capacity of urban domestic sewage is insufficient. The utilization of sewage as a resource is still in its infancy, and the level of urban reclaimed water utilization is not high. The "heavy water over sludge" is common everywhere, and the harmless disposal of sludge is not standardized, and the level of resource utilization is low.

In order to solve these problems and shortcomings, in June 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Fourteenth Five-Year" Urban Sewage Treatment and Resource Utilization Development Plan (referred to as the "Plan").

The "14th Five-Year Plan" proposes key construction tasks from four aspects: urban sewage pipe network, urban sewage treatment facilities, recycling facilities, and sludge disposal facilities, so as to effectively alleviate the development of sewage collection and treatment facilities in urban sewage towns in my country Unbalanced and insufficient contradictions, systematically promote the shortcomings of strengths and weaknesses, comprehensively improve the efficiency of sewage collection and treatment, and accelerate the promotion of sewage resource utilization.

Look at it specifically:

1) Official website of sewage collection

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, 80,000 kilometers of sewage collection pipelines were newly added and transformed, which was a decrease of 102,400 kilometers compared with the "13th Five-Year Plan" (including 28,800 kilometers of combined pipeline network transformation).

2) Sewage treatment capacity

"The newly increased sewage treatment capacity during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is 20 million cubic meters per day, which is 30.22 million cubic meters lower than the "13th Five-Year Plan" day.

3) Reclaimed water production capacity

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the newly built, rebuilt and expanded reclaimed water production capacity shall not be less than 15 million cubic meters per day, which is a decrease of 50,000 cubic meters per day compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan".

4) Harmless disposal of sludge

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the scale of newly-added sludge (wet sludge with 80% moisture content) harmless treatment facilities shall not be less than 20,000 tons per day, which is compared with the "13th Five-Year Plan" Reduce 40,100 tons/day.

(5) Policy support in key areas has been strengthened and development potential is huge

In other sub-fields, relevant policy plans have been further clarified, and some have issued special documents and increased support, striving to achieve greater breakthroughs in the next five years.

1) Expansion of black and smelly water remediation scope

According to data released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment: By the end of 2020, the elimination rate of 2,914 black and odorous water bodies in cities at prefecture-level and above across the country reached 98.2%. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, cities at prefecture level and above will enter the "blacklist" of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment if there is a rebound of black and smelly water bodies. It is necessary to formulate precise and scientific implementation plans for county-level cities, and strive to basically eliminate black and odorous water bodies in built-up areas of county-level cities during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.

This also shows that the scope of black and smelly water remediation continues to expand and is no longer limited to cities at prefecture-level and above. The remediation of black and smelly water bodies in urban built-up areas will become the next huge incremental market.

2) Sponge city construction continues to advance

In April 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Finance, the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the General Office of the Ministry of Water Resources issued the "Notice on Carrying out Systematic and Global Promotion of Sponge City Construction Demonstration Work". The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Water Resources will determine some demonstration sponge cities through competitive selection. Among them, 20 demonstration cities were identified in the first batch. The central government provides fixed subsidies to demonstration cities by region. The specific conditions are as follows: Among them, cities at prefecture level and above: the total subsidy for each city in the eastern region is 900 million yuan, the total subsidy for each city in the central region is 1 billion yuan, and the total subsidy for each city in the western region is 1 billion yuan. The total subsidy is 1.1 billion yuan. County-level cities: The total subsidy for each city in the eastern region is 700 million yuan, the total subsidy for each city in the central region is 800 million yuan, and the total subsidy for each city in the western region is 900 million yuan. The funds are allocated in 3 years according to the progress of the work.